‌

1. 
   1‌.Battery Systems‌

   • Lithium-ion batteries (e.g., Tesla Powerwall) for homes/grids
   • Flow batteries (vanadium redox) for industrial-scale storage

2. ‌2.Mechanical Storage‌

   • Pumped hydro: Moves water between reservoirs (80% efficiency)
   • Flywheels: Spinning rotors store kinetic energy (90% round-trip efficiency)

3. ‌3.Thermal & Other Solutions‌

   • Molten salt tanks (concentrated solar plants)
   • Compressed air energy storage (CAES) in underground caverns

Key functions include:
• Storing renewable energy surplus (solar/wind)
• Providing backup power during outages
• Stabilizing grid frequency (response time <1 second for flywheels)

The global market reached $50 billion in 2024, with lithium-ion dominating 80% of new installations. Future trends include solid-state batteries and hydrogen hybrid systems.

More information: http://www.huaquandongli.com/